Papamuri LiDAR Motuka
Mai i te tau 2015 ki te tau 2020, i whakaputa te whenua i ētahi kaupapa here e pā ana, e aro ana ki 'ngā waka hono atamai' me 'ngā waka motuhake'. I te tīmatanga o te tau 2020, i whakaputa te Motu i ngā mahere e rua: te Rautaki Auaha me te Whakawhanake Waka Atamai me te Whakarōpūtanga Aunoatanga Taraiwa Motuka, hei whakamārama i te tūranga rautaki me te ahunga whanaketanga ā-muri o te taraiwa motuhake.
I whakaputa a Yole Development, he umanga tohutohu o te ao, i tētahi pūrongo rangahau ahumahi e pā ana ki te 'Lidar mō ngā Taupānga Aunoa me ngā Taupānga Ahumahi', i kīia ai ka eke te mākete lidar i roto i te mara Aunoa ki te 5.7 piriona tāra US i te tau 2026, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake te tere tipu ā-tau ki te neke atu i te 21% i roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei.
He aha te LiDAR Aunoa?
Ko te LiDAR, he whakarāpopototanga mō te Light Detection and Ranging, he hangarau hou kua huri i te umanga motuka, inā koa i roto i te ao o ngā waka motuhake. Ko tana mahi mā te tuku i ngā pao o te mārama—mai i te laser—ki te ūnga me te ine i te wā e pau ana kia hoki te mārama ki te pūoko. Kātahi ka whakamahia ēnei raraunga hei hanga i ngā mahere taipitopito toru-ahu o te taiao e karapoti ana i te waka.
He rongonui ngā pūnaha LiDAR mō tō rātou tika me te kaha ki te kite i ngā mea me te tino tika, ā, he taputapu nui tēnei mō te taraiwa motuhake. Kāore i rite ki ngā kāmera e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mārama e kitea ana, ā, ka raru pea i raro i ētahi āhuatanga pēnei i te mārama iti, te rā tika rānei, ka whakaratohia e ngā pūoko LiDAR ngā raraunga pono i roto i ngā momo māramatanga me ngā āhuatanga o te rangi. Hei tāpiri, mā te kaha o LiDAR ki te ine tika i ngā tawhiti ka taea te kite i ngā mea, tō rātou rahi, tae atu ki tō rātou tere, he mea nui tēnei mō te whakatere i ngā āhuatanga taraiwa uaua.
Tūtohi Rere o te Mātāpono Mahi a LiDAR
Ngā tono LiDAR i roto i te Aunoatanga:
Ko te hangarau LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) i roto i te umanga motuka e aro nui ana ki te whakarei ake i te haumaru taraiwa me te whakatairanga i ngā hangarau taraiwa motuhake. Ko tōna hangarau matua,Te Wā Rere (ToF), mā te tuku i ngā pāorooro taiaho me te tatau i te wā e pau ana kia whakaatahia mai ai ēnei pāorooro mai i ngā arai. Ka puta i tēnei tikanga ngā raraunga "kapua ira" tino tika, ka taea te hanga i ngā mapi taipitopito e toru-ahu o te taiao huri noa i te waka me te tino tika o te taumata henimita, e tuku ana i te kaha ki te mōhio ki te wāhi tino tika mō ngā motuka.
Ko te whakamahinga o te hangarau LiDAR i roto i te rāngai motuka e aro nui ana ki ēnei wāhanga e whai ake nei:
Ngā Pūnaha Taraiwa Motuhake:Ko te LiDAR tētahi o ngā hangarau matua mō te whakatutuki i ngā taumata matatau o te taraiwa motuhake. Ka kitea tika te taiao e karapoti ana i te waka, tae atu ki ētahi atu waka, ngā kaihaerere, ngā tohu rori, me ngā āhuatanga o te rori, ā, ka āwhina i ngā pūnaha taraiwa motuhake ki te whakatau tere me te tika.
Ngā Pūnaha Āwhina Taraiwa Matatau (ADAS):I roto i te ao o te āwhina taraiwa, e whakamahia ana a LiDAR hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga haumaru o ngā waka, tae atu ki te mana whakatere urutau, te aukati ohorere, te kimi i ngā kaihaerere, me ngā mahi karo arai.
Te Whakatere me te Tūnga o te Waka:Ka taea e ngā mahere 3D tino tika i hangaia e LiDAR te whakapai ake i te tika o te tūnga o ngā waka, inā koa i ngā taiao tāone nui he iti noa ngā tohu GPS.
Te Aroturuki me te Whakahaere Waka:Ka taea te whakamahi i te LiDAR hei aroturuki me te tātari i te rere o ngā waka, hei āwhina i ngā pūnaha waka o te tāone ki te arotau i te whakahaere tohu me te whakaiti i te pupuhi o ngā waka.
Mō te Pūoko Mamao, te kimi tawhiti, te Aunoatanga me te DTS, me ētahi atu.
Me whai kōrerorero kore utu?
Ngā Auahatanga ki te LiDAR Motuka
1. Te Whakaiti i te LiDAR
Ko te tirohanga tuku iho a te umanga motuka, kaua ngā waka motuhake e rerekē te āhua mai i ngā waka tuku iho, kia mau tonu ai te pai o te taraiwa me te pai o te aerodynamics. Nā tēnei tirohanga i akiaki te ia ki te whakaiti i ngā pūnaha LiDAR. Ko te wawata o te heke mai kia iti te LiDAR kia taea ai te whakauru pai ki roto i te tinana o te waka. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te whakaiti, te whakakore rānei i ngā wāhanga hurihuri miihini, he nekehanga e hangai ana ki te nekehanga āta haere a te umanga mai i ngā hanganga laser o nāianei ki ngā otinga LiDAR totoka. Ko te LiDAR totoka, kāore he wāhanga neke, e tuku ana i tētahi otinga kiato, pono, me te pakari e pai ana ki ngā whakaritenga ataahua me te mahi o ngā waka hou.
2. Ngā Otinga LiDAR Whakauru
I te whanaketanga haere o ngā hangarau taraiwa motuhake i ngā tau tata nei, kua tīmata ētahi kaihanga LiDAR ki te mahi tahi me ngā kaiwhakarato wāhanga motuka ki te whakawhanake i ngā otinga e whakauru ana i te LiDAR ki roto i ngā wāhanga o te waka, pērā i ngā rama mua. Ehara i te mea ko te huna noa i ngā pūnaha LiDAR tēnei whakaurunga, e pupuri ana i te ataahua o te waka, engari e whakamahi ana hoki i te whakatakotoranga rautaki hei whakapai ake i te tirohanga me te mahi a te LiDAR. Mō ngā waka pāhihi, ko ētahi mahi a ngā Pūnaha Āwhina Taraiwa Matatau (ADAS) me arotahi te LiDAR ki ngā koki motuhake kaua ki te whakarato tirohanga 360°. Heoi, mō ngā taumata motuhake teitei ake, pērā i te Taumata 4, me whai whakaaro haumaru ki te tirohanga whakapae 360°. E matapaetia ana ka arahi tēnei ki ngā whirihoranga maha-ira e whakarite ana i te kapi katoa huri noa i te waka.
3.Te Whakaiti Utu
I te pakari haere o te hangarau LiDAR me te tauine o te hanga, kei te heke haere ngā utu, ā, he mea whai hua te whakauru i ēnei pūnaha ki roto i te whānuitanga o ngā waka, tae atu ki ngā tauira waenga-rahi. E matapaetia ana mā tēnei whakatinanatanga o te hangarau LiDAR ka tere ake te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga haumaru matatau me te taraiwa motuhake puta noa i te mākete motuka.
Ko te nuinga o ngā LIDAR kei te mākete i ēnei rā he 905nm me te 1550nm/1535nm LIDAR, engari mō te utu, he painga te 905nm.
· 905nm LiDARKo te tikanga, he iti ake te utu o ngā pūnaha LiDAR 905nm nā te whānui o ngā wāhanga e wātea ana, me ngā tukanga hanga kua pakeke e pā ana ki tēnei roangaru. Nā tēnei painga utu ka ātaahua te 905nm LiDAR mō ngā tono kāore i te tino hira te whānuitanga me te haumaru o te kanohi.
· 1550/1535nm LiDARKo ngā wāhanga mō ngā pūnaha 1550/1535nm, pērā i ngā taiaho me ngā pūoko, he nui ake te utu, nā te mea he iti ake te whānui o te hangarau, ā, he uaua ake ngā wāhanga. Heoi, ko ngā painga e pā ana ki te haumaru me te mahi ka whakamana i te utu nui ake mō ētahi tono, inā koa i roto i te taraiwa motuhake kei reira te kitenga tawhiti me te haumaru he mea nui rawa atu.
[Hononga:Pānuihia atu mō te whakataurite i waenga i te 905nm me te 1550nm/1535nm LiDAR]
4. Te Haumarutanga me te ADAS Whakarei Ake
Ka whakarei ake te hangarau LiDAR i te mahi a ngā Pūnaha Āwhina Taraiwa Matatau (ADAS), ka whakaratohia he kaha mahere taiao tika ki ngā waka. Ka whakapai ake tēnei tika i ngā āhuatanga haumaru pēnei i te karo i ngā tukinga, te kite i ngā kaihaerere, me te mana whakatere urutau, ka panaia te umanga kia tata atu ki te whakatutuki i te taraiwa motuhake.
Ngā Pātai Auau
I roto i ngā waka, ka tukuna e ngā pūoko LIDAR ngā pāoro mārama e peke atu ana i ngā mea ka hoki atu ki te pūoko. Ko te wā e pau ana kia hoki mai ngā pāoro ka whakamahia hei tatau i te tawhiti ki ngā mea. Mā ēnei mōhiohio ka āwhina i te waihanga i tētahi mahere 3D taipitopito o te taiao o te waka.
Ko tētahi pūnaha LIDAR motuka noa he mea hanga ki tētahi taiaho hei tuku i ngā pāoro mārama, he matawai me ngā whatu hei arahi i ngā pāoro, he pūoko whakaahua hei hopu i te mārama e whakaatahia ana, me tētahi waeine tukatuka hei tātari i ngā raraunga me te waihanga i tētahi whakaaturanga 3D o te taiao.
Ae, ka taea e LIDAR te kite i ngā mea e neke ana. Mā te ine i te panonitanga o te tūnga o ngā mea i roto i te wā, ka taea e LIDAR te tatau i tō rātou tere me te ara.
Kua whakauruhia a LIDAR ki roto i ngā pūnaha haumaru waka hei whakarei ake i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mana whakatere urutau, te karo tukinga, me te kimi i ngā kaihaerere mā te whakarato i ngā ine tawhiti me te kimi taonga tika me te pono.
Ko ngā whanaketanga tonu i roto i te hangarau LIDAR motuka ko te whakaiti i te rahi me te utu o ngā pūnaha LIDAR, te whakanui ake i tōna whānuitanga me te taumira, me te whakauru atu i aua pūnaha ki roto i te hoahoa me te mahi a ngā waka.
[hononga:Ngā Tawhā Matua o te Taiaho LIDAR]
Ko te rēseri muka pāorooro 1.5μm he momo pūtake rēseri e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha LIDAR motuka e tuku ana i te mārama i te roangaru o te 1.5 maikiromita (μm). Ka whakaputahia he pāorooro poto o te mārama pūwhero e whakamahia ana hei ine i ngā tawhiti mā te peke atu i ngā mea ka hoki ki te pūoko LIDAR.
E whakamahia ana te roanga ngaru 1.5μm nā te mea he pai te taurite i waenga i te haumaru o te kanohi me te urunga mai ki te hau. Ko ngā reera i roto i tēnei awhe roanga ngaru he iti ake te tūponotanga ka pā kino ki ngā kanohi tangata i ērā e tuku ana i ngā roanga ngaru poto ake, ā, ka pai te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga huarere rerekē.
Ahakoa he pai ake te mahi a ngā taiaho 1.5μm i te mārama e kitea ana i roto i te kohu me te ua, he iti tonu te kaha o tō rātou ki te uru ki ngā arai o te hau. He pai ake te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga huarere kino i ngā taiaho roangaru poto engari kāore i te rite te whai huatanga ki ngā kōwhiringa roangaru roa.
Ahakoa ka piki ake pea te utu o ngā pūnaha LIDAR i ngā reera muka pāoro 1.5μm i te tīmatanga nā te mea he hangarau matatau tō rātou, e tika ana kia whakaitihia ngā utu e ngā whanaketanga o te hanga me ngā ōhanga tauine i roto i te wā. Ko ō rātou painga e pā ana ki te mahi me te haumaru e kitea ana he mea tika mō te haumi. Ko te mahi pai ake me ngā āhuatanga haumaru whakarei ake e whakaratohia ana e ngā reera muka pāoro 1.5μm ka waiho hei haumitanga whai hua mō ngā pūnaha LIDAR motuka..