E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā taputapu ine tawhiti laser, ngā LiDAR, me ētahi atu taputapu i roto i ngā ahumahi hou, te ruri whenua, te taraiwa motuhake, me ngā hikohiko kaihoko. Heoi, he maha ngā kaiwhakamahi e kite ana i ngā rerekētanga ine nui i te wā e mahi ana i te mara, inā koa i te wā e mahi ana ki ngā mea rerekē te tae, te rauemi rānei. Ko te pūtake o tēnei hapa he mea e pā tata ana ki te whakaata o te ūnga. Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga te pānga o te whakaata ki te ine tawhiti, ā, ka whakaratohia he rautaki mahi mō te kōwhiringa ūnga.
1. He aha te Whakaata, ā, he aha i pā ai ki te Ine Tawhiti?
Ko te whakaata e pā ana ki te kaha o tētahi mata ki te whakaata i te mārama e pā mai ana, e whakaatuhia ana hei ōrau (hei tauira, ko te whakaata o te pakitara mā he tata ki te 80%, ko te rapa pango he 5% anake). Ka whakatauhia e ngā taputapu ine taiaho te tawhiti mā te tatau i te rerekētanga wā i waenga i te mārama e tukuna ana me te mārama e whakaatahia ana (mā te whakamahi i te mātāpono Wā-o-te-Rere). Mena he iti rawa te whakaata o te ūnga, ka arahi pea ki:
- Kaha o te Tohu ngoikore: Ki te ngoikore rawa te mārama e whakaatahia ana, kāore e taea e te taputapu te hopu i tētahi tohu tika.
- Te Hapa Ine e Piki Ake Ana: Ki te nui ake te pokanoa o te haruru, ka heke te tika.
- Te Awhe Ine Poto: Ka taea te heke o te tawhiti whai hua mōrahi neke atu i te 50%.
2. Ngā Rautaki Whakarōpūtanga Whakaata me te Kōwhiringa Whāinga
I runga i ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi noa, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā whāinga ki ngā wāhanga e toru e whai ake nei:
① Ngā Whāinga Whakaata Teitei (>50%)
- Ngā Rauemi Noa: Ngā mata whakarewa kua orohia, ngā whakaata, ngā uku mā, te raima mārama
- Ngā Painga: He kaha te whakahokinga mai o te tohu, he pai mō ngā inenga tino tika i tawhiti (neke atu i te 500m)
- Ngā horopaki tono: Te ruri whare, te tirotiro i ngā raina hiko, te matawai whenua mai i te waka rererangi
- Kia mōhio: Āta karohia ngā mata whakaata e arahi ai ki ngā whakaata āwhata (ka puta ai pea he rerekētanga o ngā ira).
② Ngā Whāinga Whakaata Waenga (20%-50%)
- Ngā Rauemi Noa: Rakau, rori uku, pakitara pereki pouri, tipu matomato
- Ngā mahi ārai:
Whakapotohia te tawhiti ine (e taunakitia ana <200m).
Whakahohehia te aratau tairongo-teitei o te pūrere.
He pai ake ki ngā mata matte (hei tauira, ngā rauemi hukapapa).
③ Ngā Whāinga Whakaata Iti (<20%)
- Ngā Rauemi Noa: Rapa pango, puranga waro, papanga mangu, wai
- Ngā Mōrearea: Tērā pea ka ngaro ngā tohu, ka pāngia rānei e ngā hapa peke.
- Ngā otinga:
Whakamahia he papa whakaata whakamuri (he papa whakaata).
Whakatikatikahia te koki pānga o te taiaho ki raro i te 45° (hei whakarei ake i te whakaata horapa).
Kōwhiria ngā taputapu e mahi ana i ngā roangaru 905nm, 1550nm rānei (kia pai ake ai te uru).
3. Ngā Rautaki Whakatakotoranga Motuhake
① Te Ine i te Whāinga Hihiri (hei tauira, ngā waka e neke ana):
- Whakatakotoria he mea nui ki ngā pereti nama waka (ngā wāhi whakaata nui) me ngā tinana waka he mārama te tae.
- Whakamahia ngā hangarau mōhio maha ki ngā oro (hei tātari i te ua me te kohu).
② Maimoatanga Mata Matatini:
- Mō te konganuku pouri, pania he paninga matte (ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakaata ki te 30%).
- Tāutahia ngā tātari whakapūmau i mua i ngā pakitara ārai karāhe (hei pehi i te whakaata o ngā hihi).
③ Te Whakautu mō ngā Whakararuraru Taiao:
- Whakahohe i ngā rauropi pehi mārama papamuri i roto i ngā āhuatanga mārama kanapa.
- I te ua, i te hukarere rānei, whakamahia te hangarau whakarerekētanga wā pāorooro (PIM).
4. Ngā Aratohu Whakatūnga Tawhā Taputapu
- Te Whakarerekētanga Mana: Whakanuia te mana o te taiaho mō ngā whāinga whakaata-iti (kia tutuki ngā herenga haumaru kanohi).
- Pūaha Whiwhi: Whakanuia te whānui o te karāhe whiwhi (mō ia pūruatanga, ka piki ake te whakanui tohu e whā ngā whakarea).
- Tautuhinga Paepae: Whakatikatika hihiri i te paepae whakaoho tohu (kia kore ai e whakaoho teka nā te haruru).
5. Ngā Auahatanga o te Ao: Hangarau Whakautu Ataata Atamai
Kei te tīmata te whakauru i ngā pūnaha ine tawhiti o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei:
- Mana Whakanui Urutau (AGC): Te whakatikatika wā-tūturu o te aro o te taputapu whakaahua.
- Ngā Arorau Hangarau Mōhio Rauemi: Te whakataurite i ngā momo rauemi mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga ngaru whakaata.
- Te Whakakotahitanga o ngā Tirohanga Maha: Te whakakotahi i ngā raraunga mārama kitea me ngā raraunga pūwero hei whakatau whānui ake.
Whakamutunga
Ko te matatau ki ngā āhuatanga o te whakaata he pūkenga matua hei whakapai ake i te tika o te ine. Mā te whiriwhiri pūtaiao i ngā ūnga me te whirihora tika i ngā taputapu, ahakoa i roto i ngā horopaki whakaata tino iti (i raro i te 10%), ka taea te whakatutuki i te tika o te ine taumata-mirimita. I te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau utu atamai, ka urutau ake ngā pūnaha ine ā muri ake nei ki ngā taiao uaua. Heoi, ko te mārama ki ngā mātāpono taketake o te whakaata he pūkenga nui tonu mā ngā kaihangarau.
Wā tuku: Maehe-04-2025