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Ohauru ki ā Mātou Pāpāho Hapori mō te Pou Whakaoho
Ngā pūoko LiDAR rererangika taea te hopu i ngā pūwāhi motuhake mai i te pā o te laser, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā inenga whakahoki motuhake, te tuhi rānei i te tohu katoa i a ia e hoki mai ana, e kiia nei ko te ngaru-katoa, i ngā wā pumau pēnei i te 1 ns (e kapi ana i te 15 cm). Ko te LiDAR ngaru-katoa te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te ngahere, ko te LiDAR whakahoki motuhake he whānui ake ngā tono puta noa i ngā mara maha. Ko te kaupapa matua o tēnei tuhinga ko te LiDAR whakahoki motuhake me ōna whakamahinga. I roto i tēnei upoko, ka hipokina e mātou ētahi kaupapa matua mō te LiDAR, tae atu ki ōna wāhanga taketake, me pēhea te mahi, tōna tika, ngā pūnaha, me ngā rauemi e wātea ana.
Ngā Wāhanga Taketake o te LiDAR
Ko ngā pūnaha LiDAR whenua e whakamahi ana i ngā taiaho he roangaru kei waenganui i te 500–600 nm, ko ngā pūnaha LiDAR rererangi ia e whakamahi ana i ngā taiaho he roa ake ngā roangaru, mai i te 1000–1600 nm. Kei roto i te whakatakotoranga LiDAR rererangi paerewa he matawai taiaho, he waeine mō te ine i te tawhiti (waeine ranging), me ngā pūnaha mō te whakahaere, te aroturuki, me te tuhi. Kei roto hoki he Pūnaha Tūnga Ao Rerekē (DGPS) me te Wāhanga Ine Ā-Inertial (IMU), e whakauruhia ana ki roto i tētahi pūnaha kotahi e mōhiotia ana ko te pūnaha tūnga me te aronga. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei pūnaha ngā raraunga tauwāhi tika (te roa, te whānui, me te teitei) me te aronga (hurihuri, piki, me te anga).
Ka rerekē pea ngā tauira e matawaihia ana e te taiaho i te rohe, tae atu ki ngā ara zigzag, whakarara, porowhita rānei. Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā raraunga DGPS me IMU, me ngā raraunga whakatikatika me ngā tawhā whakairi, ka taea e te pūnaha te tukatuka tika i ngā pūwāhi taiaho kua kohia. Kātahi ka tohaina ēnei pūwāhi ki ngā taunga (x, y, z) i roto i tētahi pūnaha taunga whenua mā te whakamahi i te rātaka World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84).
Me pēhea te LiDARTe Pūrongo MamaoNgā MahiWhakamāramahia i roto i te huarahi māmā
Ka tukuna e te pūnaha LiDAR ngā pāorooro laser tere ki tētahi mea, ki tētahi mata rānei e ūnga ana.
Ka whakaatahia ngā pāorooro taiaho mai i te ūnga ka hoki atu ki te pūoko LiDAR.
Ka ine tika te pūoko i te wā e pau ana mō ia pāoro ki te ūnga me te hoki mai.
Mā te whakamahi i te tere o te mārama me te wā haere, ka tatauhia te tawhiti ki te ūnga.
Mā te hono atu ki ngā raraunga tūnga me te aronga mai i ngā pūoko GPS me IMU, ka whakatauhia ngā taunga 3D tika o ngā whakaata taiaho.
Ko te hua o tēnei he kapua ira 3D matotoru e tohu ana i te mata, i te mea rānei kua matawaihia.
Te Mātāpono Ā-tinana o te LiDAR
E rua ngā momo taiaho e whakamahia ana e ngā pūnaha LiDAR: te ngaru pāorooro me te ngaru tonu. Ka mahi ngā pūnaha LiDAR pāorooro mā te tuku i tētahi pāorooro poto, kātahi ka ine i te wā e haere ai tēnei pāorooro ki te ūnga me te whakahoki mai ki te kaiwhiwhi. Mā tēnei ine i te wā haere-hoki ka āwhina i te whakatau i te tawhiti ki te ūnga. Kei roto i tētahi hoahoa tētahi tauira e whakaaturia ana ngā kaha o te tohu mārama kua tukuna (AT) me te tohu mārama kua riro (AR). Ko te whārite taketake e whakamahia ana i roto i tēnei pūnaha ko te tere o te mārama (c) me te tawhiti ki te ūnga (R), e āhei ai te pūnaha ki te tatau i te tawhiti i runga i te roa o te hokinga mai o te mārama.
Te ine i te hokinga motuhake me te ine i te āhua-ngaru katoa mā te whakamahi i te LiDAR rererangi.
He pūnaha LiDAR rererangi noa.
Ko te tukanga ine i roto i te LiDAR, e whai whakaaro ana ki te pūoko me ngā āhuatanga o te ūnga, ka whakarāpopototia e te whārite LiDAR paerewa. I ahu mai tēnei whārite i te whārite radar, ā, he mea nui ki te mārama ki te āhua o te tatau a ngā pūnaha LiDAR i ngā tawhiti. E whakaahua ana i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te kaha o te tohu i tukuna (Pt) me te kaha o te tohu i whiwhi (Pr). Ko te tikanga, ka āwhina te whārite ki te ine i te nui o te mārama i tukuna ka whakahokia ki te kaiwhiwhi i muri i te whakaata mai i te ūnga, he mea nui tēnei mō te whakatau i ngā tawhiti me te hanga mahere tika. Ka whai whakaaro tēnei whanaungatanga ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te whakaiti tohu nā te tawhiti me ngā taunekeneke ki te mata o te ūnga.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Pūoko Mamao LiDAR
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te pūoko mamao LiDAR puta noa i ngā mara maha:
Mahere whenua me te topographical hei waihanga i ngā tauira teitei matihiko (DEM) taumira teitei.
Mahere ngahere me ngā tipu hei ako i te hanganga o te tuanui me te koiora o ngā rākau.
Mahere takutai moana me te takutai moana hei aroturuki i te horo me ngā huringa taumata moana.
Te whakamahere tāone me te whakatauira hanganga, tae atu ki ngā whare me ngā whatunga kawe waka.
Te tuhinga mō ngā wāhi me ngā taonga tuku iho o mua e pā ana ki te whaipara tangata me te ahurea tuku iho.
Ngā rangahau matawhenua me te keri hei mahere i ngā āhuatanga o te mata me ngā mahi aroturuki.
Te whakatere waka motuhake me te kimi arai.
Te tūhuratanga o ngā aorangi, pērā i te mahere i te mata o Mātaotao.
Me whai kōrerorero kore utu?
Ngā Rauemi LiDAR:
Kei raro nei tētahi rārangi kāore i oti o ngā pūtake raraunga LiDAR me ngā pūmanawa kore utu. Ngā pūtake raraunga LiDAR:
1.Te Whenua Tuwherahttp://www.opentopography.org
2.USGS Kaihōpara Whenuahttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.Rārangi Whakatipuranga o ngā Tari Whakawhitiwhiti o te Hononga o Amerikahttps://coast.noaa.gov/ inventory/
4.Te Whakahaere Moana me te Āhuarangi ā-Motu (NOAA)Te Tai Mamati https://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huinga_Raraunga_Lidar_Motu_(Te Hononga o Amerika)
6.LiDAR Ipurangihttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.Whatunga Tirotiro Taiao ā-Motu—NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.Ngā Raraunga LiDAR mō te Raki o Pāniorahttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.Ngā Raraunga LiDAR mō te United Kingdomhttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Pūmanawa LiDAR Koreutu:
1.Me whai ENVIhttp://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(mō ngā raraunga LiDAR me ētahi atu raraunga raster/vector) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.WHAKAWHITI/LDV(Whakaaturanga raraunga LiDAR, tahuritanga, me te tātari) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.Ngā Utauta LAS(Waehere me te pūmanawa mō te pānui me te tuhi i ngā kōnae LAS) http:// www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.Te āheinga o te LASU(He huinga taputapu GUI mō te whakaaturanga me te hurihanga o ngā kōnae LAS) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.LibLAS(Whare pukapuka C/C++ mō te pānui/te tuhi i te hōputu LAS) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Whakarōpūtanga piko maha-tauine mō LiDAR) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.Tirohanga Koreutu o MARS(Whakaaturanga 3D o ngā raraunga LiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Tātari Katoa(Pūmanawa tuwhera mō te tukatuka me te whakaatu i ngā kapua me ngā ngaru LiDARpoint) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Makutu Kapua Tohu (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Pānui Whenua Tere(Whakaaturanga o ngā kapua pūwāhi LiDAR) http://appliedimagery.com/download/ Kei te whārangi tukutuku Open Topography ToolRegistry ētahi atu taputapu pūmanawa LiDAR kei http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Ngā mihi
- Kei roto i tēnei tuhinga ngā rangahau mai i "LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications" nā Vinícius Guimarães, 2020. Kei te wātea te tuhinga katoa.konei.
- Mā tēnei rārangi whānui me te whakaahuatanga taipitopito o ngā pūtake raraunga LiDAR me ngā pūmanawa kore utu ka whakaratohia he kete taputapu nui mō ngā tohunga me ngā kairangahau i te ao o te pūoko mamao me te tātari whenua.
Whakakape:
- E whakaatu ana mātou i konei kua kohia ētahi whakaahua e whakaaturia ana i runga i tā mātou paetukutuku mai i te ipurangi hei whakatairanga i te mātauranga me te tiritiri mōhiohio. E whakaute ana mātou i ngā mana pupuri hinengaro o ngā kaihanga taketake katoa. Kāore te whakamahinga o ēnei whakaahua i te whakaarohia hei whai hua arumoni.
- Ki te whakapono koe kei te takahi tetahi o ngā ihirangi i whakamahia i tō mana pupuri, tēnā whakapā mai ki a mātou. E hiahia ana mātou ki te mahi i ngā mahi tika, tae atu ki te tango i ngā whakaahua, te whakarato rānei i te tohu tika, kia tutuki ai ngā ture me ngā whakaritenga mō ngā taonga hinengaro. Ko tā mātou whāinga he pupuri i tētahi tūāpapa e whai kiko ana i ngā ihirangi, e tika ana, e whakaute ana hoki i ngā mana taonga hinengaro o ētahi atu.
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Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-16-2024