Ko te kaupapa matua o te mahi a te rēseri (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) e ahu mai ana i te āhuatanga o te tukunga o te mārama i whakaohokia. Mā roto i te raupapa o ngā hoahoa me ngā hanganga tino tika, ka whakaputahia e ngā rēseri ngā hihi he tino ōrite, he kotahi te tae, he kanapa hoki. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā rēseri i roto i ngā hangarau hou, tae atu ki ngā mara pēnei i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te rongoā, te hanga, te ine, me te rangahau pūtaiao. Nā tō rātou tino whai huatanga me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere tino tika, koinei te wāhanga matua o te maha o ngā hangarau. Kei raro nei he whakamārama taipitopito mō ngā kaupapa matua o ngā rēseri me ngā tikanga o ngā momo rēseri rerekē.
1. Te Tukunga Whakaohooho
Tukunga whakaohoohoKo te mātāpono matua tēnei mō te whakaputanga o te laser, i whakatakotoria tuatahitia e Einstein i te tau 1917. E whakaahua ana tēnei āhuatanga i te āhua o te whakaputanga o ngā photon piripono mā te taunekeneke i waenga i te mārama me te matū whakahihiri. Hei mārama ake i te tukunga whakaohooho, me tīmata tātou ki te tukunga ohorere:
Tukunga TūponoI roto i ngā ngota, ngā ngota ngota, me ētahi atu matūriki moroiti, ka taea e ngā irahiko te mimiti i te pūngao o waho (pēnei i te pūngao hiko, pūngao whatu rānei) ka neke ki tētahi taumata pūngao teitei ake, e mōhiotia ana ko te āhua whakahihiri. Heoi, he kore pumau ngā irahiko āhua whakahihiri, ā, ka hoki anō ki tētahi taumata pūngao iti iho, e mōhiotia ana ko te āhua whenua, i muri i tētahi wā poto. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka tukuna e te irahiko he photon, he tukunga tūpono. He matapōkere aua photon i runga i te auau, te āhua, me te ahunga, ā, kāore he hononga.
Tukunga WhakaohoohoKo te mea nui ki te tukunga whakaohooho ko te wā e tūtaki ai tētahi irahiko āhua-whakaoho ki tētahi photon me te pūngao e ōrite ana ki tōna pūngao whakawhiti, ka taea e te photon te akiaki i te irahiko kia hoki ki te āhua whenua i a ia e tuku ana i tētahi photon hou. He ōrite te photon hou ki te mea taketake e pā ana ki te auau, te āhua, me te ahunga horapa, ka hua ake he māramatanga ōrite. Ka whakanuia nuitia e tēnei āhuatanga te maha me te pūngao o ngā photon, ā, koinei te tikanga matua o ngā taiaho.
Te Pānga Urupare Pai o te Tukunga WhakaohoohoI roto i te hoahoa o ngā taiaho, ka maha ngā wā ka whakahokia te tukanga tukunga whakaohooho, ā, ka taea e tēnei pānga urupare pai te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā photon. Mā te āwhina o tētahi kōhao haruru, ka mau tonu te ōritetanga o ngā photon, ā, ka piki tonu te kaha o te hihi mārama.
2. Whiwhi Waenga
Tewaenga whiwhiKo te rauemi matua o te taiaho e whakatau ana i te whakanui ake i ngā photon me te putanga taiaho. Koinei te pūtake ā-tinana mō te tukunga whakaohooho, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga e whakatau ana i te auau, te roanga ngaru, me te mana putanga o te taiaho. Ko te momo me ngā āhuatanga o te reo whakanui e pā tika ana ki te whakamahinga me te mahi a te taiaho.
Tikanga WhakaohoohoMe whakaohokia ngā irahiko i roto i te reo whakanui ki tētahi taumata pūngao teitei ake mā te pūtake pūngao o waho. Ko te tikanga ka tutukihia tēnei tukanga mā roto i ngā pūnaha tuku pūngao o waho. Ko ngā tikanga whakaoho noa ko:
Te Papu HikoTe whakaoho i ngā irahiko i roto i te reo whakanui mā te whakamahi i te iahiko hiko.
Te Papu WhatuTe whakaohooho i te rauemi mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūtake mārama (pēnei i te rama uira, i tētahi atu rēseri rānei).
Pūnaha Taumata PūngaoKo ngā irahiko i roto i te reo whakanui ka tohatohahia i roto i ngā taumata pūngao motuhake. Ko ngā mea tino noa kongā pūnaha taumata-ruamengā pūnaha taumata-whāI roto i tētahi pūnaha taumata-rua māmā, ka huri ngā irahiko mai i te āhua taketake ki te āhua whakahihiri, kātahi ka hoki ki te āhua taketake mā te tukunga whakaohooho. I roto i tētahi pūnaha taumata-whā, ka pāngia ngā irahiko e ngā whakawhiti uaua ake i waenga i ngā taumata pūngao rerekē, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hua ake he pai ake te mahi.
Ngā Momo Pāpāho Whiwhi:
Waenga Whakanui HauHei tauira, ngā taiaho helium-neon (He-Ne). E mōhiotia ana ngā pāpāho whakanui hau mō ō rātou putanga pumau me te roangaru pumau, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei pūtake mārama paerewa i roto i ngā taiwhanga.
Waenga Whiwhi WaiHei tauira, ngā taiaho tae. He pai ngā āhuatanga whakaohooho o ngā ngota tae puta noa i ngā roangaru rerekē, ā, he mea tino pai mō ngā taiaho ka taea te whakarerekē.
Te Whakanui Totoka WaengaHei tauira, ngā taiaho Nd (neodymium-doped yttrium konumohe garnet). He tino whai hua, he kaha hoki ēnei taiaho, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te tapahi ahumahi, te whakarewa, me ngā tono hauora.
Waenga Whakanui Ā-HaumaruHei tauira, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā rauemi gallium arsenide (GaAs) i roto i ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā taputapu hikohiko pēnei i ngā diode taiaho.
3. Te Kōhao o te Resonator
Tekōhao resonatorhe wāhanga hanganga o te taiaho e whakamahia ana mō te urupare me te whakanui. Ko tana mahi matua he whakanui i te maha o ngā photon e puta mai ana i te tukunga whakaoho mā te whakaata me te whakanui i a rātou ki roto i te kōhao, kia puta ai he putanga taiaho kaha, arotahi hoki.
Hanganga o te Kōhao ResonatorKo te tikanga he whakaata whakarara e rua. Ko tētahi he whakaata whakaata katoa, e mōhiotia ana ko tewhakaata muri, ā, ko tētahi he whakaata whakaata-wāhanga, e mōhiotia ana ko tewhakaata putangaKa whakaata whakamuri, whakamuri hoki ngā photon i roto i te kōhao, ā, ka whakanuia ake mā te taunekeneke ki te reo whakanui.
Āhua o te WhakaohoohoMe tutuki i te hoahoa o te kōhao resonator ētahi whakaritenga, pērā i te whakarite kia hangaia e ngā photon ngā ngaru tū i roto i te kōhao. Me rite te roa o te kōhao ki te whakarea o te roangaru taiaho. Ko ngā ngaru mārama anake e tutuki ana i ēnei whakaritenga ka taea te whakanui ake i roto i te kōhao.
Hiko PutangaMā te whakaata whakaata-wāhanga ka taea e tētahi wāhanga o te hihi mārama kua whakanuia te puta, ka hanga ko te hihi putanga o te taiaho. He tino pai te ahunga, te ōrite, me te kotahi-tae o tēnei hihi..
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Wā tuku: Hepetema-18-2024