Nā te tere o te whanaketanga o te hangarau optoelectronic, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā reera haurua-ira i roto i ngā momo mara pēnei i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te rongoā, te tukatuka ahumahi, me te LiDAR, nā te mea he pai te mahi, he iti te rahi, me te ngāwari o te whakarerekētanga. Kei te pūtake o tēnei hangarau te reo whakanui, he mea tino nui te mahi. Koia te"pūtake pūngao"e āhei ai te tukunga whakaohooho me te whakaputanga laser, e whakatau ana i te laser'te mahi a te kamupene, te roanga ngaru, me te pūmanawa tono.
1. He aha te Waenga Whakawhiwhi?
E ai ki te ingoa, he rauemi te reo whakanui e whakarato ana i te whakanui whatu. Ina whakaohokia e ngā pūtake pūngao o waho (pēnei i te werohanga hiko, te papu whatu rānei), ka whakanuia te mārama e pā mai ana mā te tikanga o te tukunga whakaohooho, ka hua ake te putanga laser.
I roto i ngā taiaho haurua-ira, ko te reo whakanui he mea tito i te rohe hohe i te hononga PN, ko tōna hanganga rauemi, hanganga, me ngā tikanga tāpiri ka pā tika ki ngā tawhā matua pēnei i te ia paepae, te roangaru tukunga, te whai huatanga, me ngā āhuatanga wera.
2. Ngā Rauemi Whakanui Noa i roto i ngā Taiaho Ārahi-Haumaru
Ko ngā haurua-whakakotahi matū III-V ngā rauemi whakanui e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko ngā tauira noa ko:
①GaAs (Gallium Arsenide)
He pai mō ngā taiaho e tukuna ana i roto i te 850–Awhe 980 nm, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu me te tānga laser.
②InP (Indium Phosphide)
Whakamahia mō te tukunga i ngā roopu 1.3 µm me te 1.55 µm, he mea nui mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero muka-whatu.
③InGaAsP / AlGaAs / InGaN
Ka taea te whakarite i ā rātou hanganga kia tutuki ai ngā roangaru rerekē, hei pūtake mō ngā hoahoa taiaho ka taea te whakarite.
Ko te tikanga, he hanganga āputaputa tika tō ēnei rauemi, ā, he tino whai hua ki te whakakotahitanga o te kōhao irahiko-pū me te tukunga photon, he mea tino pai mō te whakamahi i roto i te reo whakanui taiaho haurua-ira.
3. Te Whanaketanga o ngā Hanganga Whiwhi
I te whanaketanga haere o ngā hangarau hanga, kua whanake ngā hanganga whakanui i roto i ngā taiaho haurua-ira mai i ngā hononga honohono tōmua ki ngā hononga honohono-ira, ā, tae atu ki ngā puna irahiko matatau me ngā whirihoranga irahiko.
①Waenga Whiwhinga Heterojunction
Mā te whakakotahi i ngā rauemi haurua-ira me ngā āputa rerekē, ka taea te here i ngā kaikawe me ngā photon ki ngā rohe kua tohua, ka whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te whakanui me te whakaiti i te iahiko paepae.
②Ngā Hanganga Puna Kuantum
Mā te whakaiti i te matotoru o te rohe hohe ki te tauine nanometer, ka herea ngā irahiko ki ngā taha e rua, ka nui ake te pai o te whakakotahitanga hihi. Ka hua ake he taiaho me ngā ia paepae iti ake, ā, he pai ake te pumau o te wera.
③Ngā Hanganga Ira Kuantum
Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakakotahi-ā-koe, ka hangaia ngā hanganga nano-ahu kore, ka whakarato i ngā tohatoha taumata pūngao koi. Ka tukuna e ēnei hanganga ngā āhuatanga whakanui ake me te pumau o te roangaru, ka waiho hei wāhi rangahau mō ngā taiaho semiconductor mahi-teitei o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei.
4. He aha ngā mea e whakatauhia ana e te Waenga Whakanui?
①Roangaru Tukunga
Ko te āputa o te rauemi e whakatau ana i te taiaho'te roangaru s. Hei tauira, he pai ngā InGaAs mō ngā taiaho tata-whero, ko te InGaN ia e whakamahia ana mō ngā taiaho kikorangi, papura rānei.
②Te Whai Hua me te Mana
Ka pāngia te whai huatanga o te tahuritanga whatu-ki-hiko e te nekenekehanga o ngā kaikawe me ngā tere whakakotahitanga kore-ira.
③Mahi Wera
He rerekē te urupare a ngā rauemi rerekē ki ngā huringa pāmahana, ā, ka pā ki te pono o te taiaho i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi me ngā taiao hōia.
④Urupare Whakarerekētanga
Ka pā te reo whakanui ki te taiaho'te tere o te urupare, he mea tino nui tēnei i roto i ngā tono whakawhitiwhiti tere-tiketike.
5. Whakamutunga
I roto i te hanganga matatini o ngā taiaho haurua-ira, ko te reo whakanui te "ngakau" tūturu.—ehara i te mea ko te whakaputa anake i te taiaho engari ko te awe hoki i tōna roanga ora, tōna pumau, me ngā āhuatanga tono. Mai i te kōwhiringa rauemi ki te hoahoa hanganga, mai i te mahi makaro ki ngā tikanga moroiti, ko ia putanga hou i roto i te reo whakanui kei te akiaki i te hangarau taiaho ki te mahi nui ake, ki ngā tono whānui ake, me te tūhuratanga hohonu ake.
I te haere tonu o ngā whanaketanga o te pūtaiao rauemi me te hangarau hanga-nano, e tūmanakohia ana ka nui ake te kanapa, te whānui ake o te whānuitanga o ngā roangaru, me ngā otinga taiaho atamai ake e te reo whakanui ā-muri.—e huakina ana ngā mea maha atu mō te pūtaiao, te ahumahi, me te hapori.
Wā tuku: Hurae-17-2025