Ohauru ki ā Mātou Pāpāho Hapori mō te Pou Whakaoho
I roto i te ao tere o ngā whanaketanga hangarau, kua tino whānui te whakamahinga o ngā taiaho, kua huri i ngā ahumahi me ngā whakamahinga pēnei i te tapahi taiaho, te whakarewa, te tohu, me te whakakikorua. Heoi, kua hurahia e tēnei whānui he āputa nui i roto i te mōhiotanga haumaru me te whakangungu i waenga i ngā miihini me ngā kaimahi hangarau, e whakaatu ana i te tini o ngā kaimahi o mua ki te hihi taiaho me te kore e mārama ki ōna tūponotanga kino. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he whakamārama i te hiranga o te whakangungu haumaru taiaho, ngā pānga koiora o te whakaaturanga taiaho, me ngā mahi tiaki whānui hei tiaki i te hunga e mahi ana me te hangarau taiaho, e tata ana rānei ki reira.
Te Hiahia Nui mō te Whakangungu Haumaru Taiaho
He mea nui te whakangungu haumaru taiaho mō te haumaru me te whai huatanga o te whakarewa taiaho me ngā mahi rite. Ko te mārama kaha, te wera, me ngā hau kino pea e puta ana i te wā o ngā mahi taiaho he mea mōrearea ki te hauora o ngā kaiwhakahaere. Mā te whakangungu haumaru ka ako ngā miihini me ngā kaimahi ki te whakamahi tika i ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro (PPE), pērā i ngā mōhiti tiaki me ngā pare kanohi, me ngā rautaki hei karo i te pānga taiaho tika, ā-kore rānei, kia pai ai te tiaki i ō rātou kanohi me tō rātou kiri.
Te Mārama ki ngā Tūponotanga o ngā Taiaho
Ngā Pānga Koiora o ngā Taiaho
Ka taea e ngā reera te whakararu i te kiri, me tiaki te kiri. Heoi, ko te āwangawanga matua kei roto i te kino o ngā kanohi. Ka taea e te pānga o te reera te arahi ki ngā pānga wera, oro, me te whakaahua-matū:
Te werawera:Ka taea e te whakaputanga me te mimiti o te wera te whakawera i te kiri me ngā kanohi.
OrooroKa taea e ngā ngaru ru ā-ringa te arahi ki te mimiti ā-rohe me te kino o te kiko.
Matū WhakaahuaKa taea e ētahi roangaru te whakaoho i ngā tauhohenga matū, ka puta pea he katarata, he wera o te kornea, o te retina rānei, me te whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku kiri.
Ka rerekē ngā pānga ki te kiri mai i te whero ngawari me te mamae ki ngā weranga tuatoru, i runga i te kāwai o te taiaho, te roa o te pā, te tere o te whakahokinga mai, me te roanga ngaru.
| Awhe Roangaru | Pānga mate pāwera |
| 180-315nm (UV-B, UV-C) | He rite te photokeratitis ki te werawera o te kanohi, engari ka pā ki te cornea o te kanohi. |
| 315-400nm (UV-A) | Te katarata whakaahua-matū (te kapua o te karu kanohi) |
| 400-780nm (Kitea) | Ko te kino whakaahua-matū ki te retina, e mōhiotia ana ko te wera retina, ka puta ina whara te retina i te pānga o te mārama. |
| 780-1400nm (Tata-IR) | Te katarata, te wera o te retina |
| 1.4-3.0μm(IR) | Te mura o te wai (te pūmua i roto i te wai o te kiri), te katarata, te wera o te kornea Ko te mura wai ko te putanga mai o te pūmua i roto i te wai o te kanohi. Ko te katarata he kapua o te karu o te kanohi, ā, ko te wera o te kornea he kino ki te kornea, te mata o mua o te kanohi. |
| 3.0μm-1mm | Te wera o te kiri |
Ko te kino o te kanohi, te āwangawanga matua, ka rerekē i runga i te rahi o te porotiti, te tae, te roa o te manawa, me te roanga ngaru. Ka uru ngā roanga ngaru rerekē ki ngā paparanga kanohi rerekē, ka pakaru te kornea, te karāhe, te retina rānei. Ko te kaha arotahi o te kanohi ka whakanui ake i te kiato pūngao i runga i te retina, ka nui ai te pānga iti ki te pakaru nui o te retina, ka heke te tirohanga, ka matapo rānei.
Ngā Tūponotanga Kiri
Ka taea e te pānga o te reera ki te kiri te whakaputa i ngā wera, ngā ponana, ngā pupuhi, me ngā panoni tae, ā, ka taea te whakangaro i ngā kiko o raro i te kiri. Ka uru ngā roangaru rerekē ki ngā hohonutanga rerekē o te kiko kiri.
Paerewa Haumaru Taiaho
GB72471.1-2001
Ko te GB7247.1-2001, ko te taitara "Haumarutanga o ngā hua reihi--Wāhanga 1: Te whakarōpūtanga taputapu, ngā whakaritenga, me te aratohu kaiwhakamahi," e whakatakoto ana i ngā ture mō te whakarōpūtanga haumaru, ngā whakaritenga, me ngā aratohu mō ngā kaiwhakamahi e pā ana ki ngā hua reihi. I whakatinanahia tēnei paerewa i te 1 o Mei, 2002, ko te whāinga kia whakarite i te haumaru puta noa i ngā rāngai maha e whakamahia ana ngā hua reihi, pērā i roto i ngā tono ahumahi, arumoni, whakangahau, rangahau, mātauranga, me te hauora. Heoi, i whakakapia e te GB 7247.1-2012(Paerewa Hainamana) (Te Ture o Haina) (OpenSTD).
GB18151-2000
Ko te GB18151-2000, e mōhiotia ana ko "Ngā Kaitiaki Taiaho," i arotahi ki ngā whakaritenga me ngā whakaritenga mō ngā mata tiaki taiaho e whakamahia ana hei ārai i ngā wāhi mahi o ngā mīhini tukatuka taiaho. I roto i ēnei mahi tiaki ko ngā otinga roa me ngā otinga rangitahi pērā i ngā ārai taiaho me ngā pakitara hei whakarite i te haumaru i te wā e mahi ana. Ko te paerewa, i whakaputaina i te 2 o Hūrae, 2000, ā, i whakatinanahia i te 2 o Hānuere, 2001, i whakakapia i muri mai e te GB/T 18151-2008. I pā ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o ngā mata tiaki, tae atu ki ngā mata me ngā matapihi mārama, me te whāinga ki te aromatawai me te whakataurite i ngā āhuatanga tiaki o ēnei mata (Te Ture o Haina) (OpenSTD) (Antpedia).
GB18217-2000
Ko te GB18217-2000, ko "Ngā Tohu Haumaru Reera" te taitara, i whakatū i ngā aratohu mō ngā āhua taketake, ngā tohu, ngā tae, ngā rahi, ngā tuhinga whakamārama, me ngā tikanga whakamahinga mō ngā tohu i hangaia hei tiaki i ngā tāngata takitahi mai i te kino o te hihi reera. I pā ki ngā hua reera me ngā wāhi e hangaia ana, e whakamahia ana, e tiakina ana hoki ngā hua reera. I whakatinanahia tēnei paerewa i te 1 o Hune, 2001, engari kua whakakapia e te GB 2894-2008, "Ngā Tohu Haumaru me te Aratohu mō te Whakamahinga," mai i te 1 o Oketopa, 2009(Te Ture o Haina) (OpenSTD) (Antpedia).
Ngā Whakarōpūtanga o ngā Taiaho Kino
Ka whakarōpūtia ngā taiaho i runga i te kino pea ki ngā kanohi me te kiri o te tangata. Ko ngā taiaho mana-teitei ahumahi e tuku ana i te hihi kore e kitea (tae atu ki ngā taiaho haurua-ira me ngā taiaho CO2) he nui ngā mōrearea. Ka whakarōpūtia e ngā paerewa haumaru ngā pūnaha taiaho katoa, memuka rēserihe maha ngā putanga e whakatauria ana ko te Akomanga 4, e tohu ana i te taumata mōrearea teitei rawa atu. I roto i ngā tuhinga e whai ake nei, ka matapakihia e mātou ngā whakarōpūtanga haumaru taiaho mai i te Akomanga 1 ki te Akomanga 4.
Hua Reera Akomanga 1
E kiia ana he haumaru te reihi Akomanga 1 mō te katoa ki te whakamahi me te titiro i ngā āhuatanga noa. Ko te tikanga, kāore koe e whara mā te titiro tika ki taua reihi, mā roto rānei i ngā taputapu whakanui noa pēnei i ngā karu tiro, i ngā karu hiko rānei. Ka tirohia tēnei e ngā paerewa haumaru mā te whakamahi i ngā ture motuhake mō te rahi o te ira rama reihi me te tawhiti e tika ana kia tirohia haumaru ai. Engari, he mea nui kia mōhio koe he morearea tonu ētahi reihi Akomanga 1 mēnā ka tirohia mā roto i ngā karu whakanui tino kaha nā te mea ka taea e ēnei te kohikohi i te marama reihi nui atu i te tikanga. I ētahi wā, ka tohua ngā hua pēnei i ngā kaitākaro CD, DVD rānei hei Akomanga 1 nā te mea he reihi kaha ake kei roto, engari he mea hanga kia kore ai e puta te marama kino i te wā e whakamahia ana.
Tā mātou Taiaho Akomanga 1:Reera Karāhe Kua Tāpirihia ki te Erbium, L1535 Module Ine Awhe
Hua Taiaho Akomanga 1M
He haumaru te rēhia Akomanga 1M, ā, kāore e kino ki ō kanohi i raro i te whakamahinga noa, arā, ka taea e koe te whakamahi me te kore he tiaki motuhake. Heoi, ka rerekē tēnei mēnā ka whakamahia e koe ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā karu hiko, i ngā karu tiro rānei hei tirotiro i te rēhia. Ka taea e ēnei taputapu te arotahi i te hihi rēhia, ā, ka kaha ake i te mea e kiia ana he haumaru. He whānui rawa, he horapa rānei ngā hihi o ngā rēhia Akomanga 1M. I te nuinga o te wā, kāore te mārama mai i ēnei rēhia e neke atu i ngā taumata haumaru ina uru tika atu ki tō kanohi. Engari ki te whakamahi koe i ngā karu whakanui, ka taea e rātou te kohikohi i te mārama nui ake ki roto i tō kanohi, ka puta pea he mōrearea. Nō reira, ahakoa he haumaru te mārama tika o te rēhia Akomanga 1M, mā te whakamahi me ētahi karu ka mōrearea, he rite ki ngā rēhia Akomanga 3B mōrearea nui ake.
Hua Reera Akomanga 2
He haumaru te whakamahi i te taiaho Akomanga 2 nā te mea ka mahi ia i roto i te āhua e mēnā ka titiro pōhēhē tetahi ki roto i te taiaho, ka tiakina rātou e tana tauhohenga tūturu ki te kimo, ki te titiro atu rānei i ngā rama kanapa. Ka mahi tēnei tikanga tiaki mō ngā whakaaturanga tae atu ki te 0.25 hēkona. Kei roto noa i te whānuitanga kitea ēnei taiaho, arā, i waenga i te 400 me te 700 nanometer te roanga ngaru. Ko te rohe mana o te 1 milliwatt (mW) mēnā ka tukuna tonutia te mārama. Ka kaha ake pea mēnā ka tukuna te mārama mō te iti iho i te 0.25 hēkona i te wā kotahi, mēnā rānei kāore te mārama e arotahi ana. Heoi, mā te karo āta i te kimo, i te titiro atu rānei i te taiaho ka kino pea ngā kanohi. Ko ngā taputapu pēnei i ētahi tohu taiaho me ngā taputapu ine tawhiti ka whakamahi i ngā taiaho Akomanga 2.
Hua Taiaho Akomanga 2M
Ko te tikanga, e kiia ana he haumaru te reihi Akomanga 2M mō ō kanohi nā te mea ka taea e koe te kimo i te rama, ā, ka āwhina i a koe kia kaua e titiro roa ki ngā rama kanapa. Ko tēnei momo reihi, he rite ki te Akomanga 1M, ka tukuna he mārama whānui, he tere rānei te horapa, ka whakawhāiti i te nui o te mārama reihi e tomo ana ki te kanohi mā te kamo ki ngā taumata haumaru, e ai ki ngā paerewa Akomanga 2. Heoi, ka pā noa tēnei haumaru mēnā kāore koe e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu whatu pēnei i ngā karāhe whakanui, i ngā karu tirohanga rānei hei tiro i te reihi. Ki te whakamahi koe i aua taputapu, ka taea e rātou te arotahi i te mārama reihi, ā, ka piki ake pea te mōrearea ki ō kanohi.
Hua Taiaho Akomanga 3R
Me āta whakahaere te taiaho Akomanga 3R nā te mea ahakoa he haumaru, he mōrearea te titiro tika ki te hihi. Ka taea e tēnei momo taiaho te tuku i te mārama nui atu i te mea e kiia ana he tino haumaru, engari he iti tonu te tūponotanga o te whara mena ka tūpato koe. Mō ngā taiaho ka taea e koe te kite (i roto i te whānuitanga mārama e kitea ana), ka herea ngā taiaho Akomanga 3R ki te putanga mana mōrahi o te 5 milliwatts (mW). He rerekē ngā rohe haumaru mō ngā taiaho o ētahi atu roangaru me ngā taiaho pāorooro, e āhei ai pea te whakaputa putanga teitei ake i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake. Ko te mea nui ki te whakamahi haumaru i te taiaho Akomanga 3R ko te karo i te tiro tika ki te hihi me te whai i ngā tohutohu haumaru kua whakaratohia.
Hua Taiaho Akomanga 3B
Ka kino pea te reihi Akomanga 3B mēnā ka pā tika ki te kanohi, engari mēnā ka pa te mārama reihi ki ngā mata taratara pērā i te pepa, kāore e kino. Mō ngā reihi hihi tonu e mahi ana i roto i tētahi whānuitanga (mai i te 315 nanometer ki te infrared tawhiti), ko te mana mōrahi e whakaaetia ana ko te haurua watt (0.5 W). Mō ngā reihi e pā ana, e whakaweto ana i roto i te whānuitanga mārama e kitea ana (400 ki te 700 nanometer), kaua e neke ake i te 30 millijoules (mJ) mō ia pā. He rerekē ngā ture mō ngā reihi o ētahi atu momo me ngā pā poto rawa. I te whakamahi i te reihi Akomanga 3B, me mau koe i ngā mōhiti tiaki hei tiaki i ō kanohi. Me whai pātene matua me te raka haumaru hoki ēnei reihi hei ārai i te whakamahinga tūpono. Ahakoa kei roto ngā reihi Akomanga 3B i ngā taputapu pērā i ngā kaituhi CD me DVD, ka kiia ēnei taputapu ko te Akomanga 1 nā te mea kei roto te reihi, ā, kāore e taea te mawhiti.
Hua Reera Akomanga 4
Ko ngā taiaho Akomanga 4 te momo tino kaha, tino morearea hoki. He kaha ake i ngā taiaho Akomanga 3B, ā, ka taea te whakararu kino pēnei i te wera o te kiri, te whara rānei o ngā kanohi tuturu mai i te pānga ki te hihi, ahakoa tika, whakaata, marara rānei. Ka taea e ēnei taiaho te whakakā ahi mēnā ka pā ki tētahi mea mura. Nā ēnei mōrearea, me whai āhuatanga haumaru tino tika ngā taiaho Akomanga 4, tae atu ki te pana kī me te raka haumaru. He mea noa te whakamahi i ēnei i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi, pūtaiao, hōia, me te hauora. Mō ngā taiaho hauora, he mea nui kia mōhio ki ngā tawhiti me ngā wāhi haumaru hei karo i ngā mōrearea kanohi. Me whai tūpato anō hei whakahaere me te whakahaere i te hihi hei ārai i ngā aituā.
Tauira Tapanga o te Reera Muka Pāhekoheko Mai i LumiSpot
Me pēhea te tiaki i a koe mai i ngā tūponotanga o te laser
Anei tētahi whakamārama māmā ake mō te tiaki tika i ngā tūponotanga o te taiaho, e whakaritea ana e ngā tūranga rerekē:
Mō ngā Kaihanga Taiaho:
Me whakarato rātou, ehara i te mea ko ngā taputapu taiaho anake (pēnei i ngā taputapu tapahi taiaho, ngā mīhini whakarewa ringaringa, me ngā mīhini tohu) engari me whakarato hoki i ngā taputapu haumaru nui pēnei i ngā mōhiti kanohi, ngā tohu haumaru, ngā tohutohu mō te whakamahinga haumaru, me ngā rauemi whakangungu haumaru. He wāhanga o tā rātou kawenga te whakarite kia noho haumaru, kia mōhio hoki ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Mō ngā Kaiwhakauru:
Ngā Whare Tiaki me ngā Rūma Haumaru Reiti: Me whai whare tiaki ia taputapu reiti hei ārai i te tangata kei pāngia e te hihi reiti morearea.
Ngā Ārai me ngā Hononga Haumaru: Me whai ārai me ngā hononga haumaru ngā taputapu hei ārai i te pānga ki ngā taumata taiaho kino.
Ngā Kaiwhakahaere Matua: Me whai kaiwhakahaere matua ngā pūnaha kua whakarōpūtia hei Akomanga 3B me te 4 hei aukati i te urunga me te whakamahinga, kia mau ai te haumaru.
Mō ngā Kaiwhakamahi Whakamutunga:
Whakahaere: Me whakamahi ngā tohunga whai whakangungu anake i ngā taiaho. Kaua ngā kaimahi kāore i whai whakangungu e whakamahi.
Ngā Pana Kī: Tāutahia ngā pana kī ki ngā taputapu taiaho kia mōhio ai ka taea anake te whakahohe mā te kī, kia pai ake ai te haumaru.
Te Whakamārama me te Tūnga: Me whakarite kia mārama ngā rūma he rama hiko, ā, me whakanoho ngā rama hiko ki ngā teitei me ngā koki kia kore ai e kitea tika ngā kanohi.
Te Tirotiro Hauora:
Me tirotirohia e ngā kaimahi whai tohu ngā kaimahi e whakamahi ana i ngā taiaho Akomanga 3B me te 4 kia noho haumaru ai rātou.
Haumarutanga ReeraWhakangungu:
Me whakangungu ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te whakahaere i te pūnaha taiaho, te tiaki whaiaro, ngā tikanga whakahaere mōrearea, te whakamahinga o ngā tohu whakatūpato, te pūrongo aituā, me te mārama ki ngā pānga koiora o ngā taiaho ki ngā kanohi me te kiri.
Ngā Mahi Whakahaere:
Kia tino āraia te whakamahinga o ngā taiaho, inā koa i ngā wāhi e noho ana te tangata, kia kore ai e pāngia ngā kanohi.
Whakatūpatohia te iwi i te rohe i mua i te whakamahi i ngā taiaho kaha-nui, ā, kia mau hoki ngā karu tiaki i te katoa.
Whakaturia ngā tohu whakatūpato ki roto, ki waho hoki i ngā wāhi mahi me ngā tomokanga o te whakamahi i te taiaho hei tohu i te noho mai o ngā tūponotanga o te whakamahi i te taiaho.
Ngā Wāhi Whakahaeretia e te Reera:
Whakawhāitihia te whakamahinga o te taiaho ki ngā wāhi motuhake, e whakahaeretia ana.
Whakamahia ngā ārai tatau me ngā raka haumaru hei ārai i te urunga kore whakamanahia, kia mutu ai te mahi a ngā taiaho mēnā ka huakina ohoreretia ngā tatau.
Āta karohia ngā mata whakaata e tata ana ki ngā taiaho hei ārai i ngā whakaata hihi ka pā kino ki te tangata.
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Whakatūpato me ngā Tohu Haumaru:
Whakatakotoria ngā tohu whakatūpato ki ngā papa o waho me ngā papa whakahaere o ngā taputapu taiaho hei tohu mārama i ngā tūponotanga mōrearea.
Ngā Tapanga HaumaruMō ngā Hua Taiaho:
1. Me whai tapanga haumaru ngā taputapu taiaho katoa e whakaatu ana i ngā whakatūpato, ngā whakarōpūtanga irahiko, me te wāhi e puta mai ai te irahiko.
2. Me whakatakoto ngā tapanga ki tētahi wāhi e kitea ngāwaritia ana, kia kore ai e pāngia e te hihi laser.
Mauria he Mōhiti Haumaru Reera hei Tiaki i ō Kanohi mai i te Reera
Ko ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro (PPE) mō te haumaru taiaho ka whakamahia hei huarahi whakamutunga ina kore e taea e ngā mana whakahaere hangarau me te whakahaere te whakaiti katoa i ngā tūponotanga. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā mōhiti haumaru taiaho me ngā kākahu:
Ka tiakina ō kanohi e ngā Mōhiti Haumaru Reiti mā te whakaiti i te hihi reiti. Me tutuki i ēnei ngā whakaritenga tino kaha:
⚫Kua whakamanahia, kua tohua hoki kia rite ki ngā paerewa ā-motu.
⚫E tika ana mō te momo taiaho, te roanga ngaru, te aratau mahi (tonu, pāorooro rānei), me ngā tautuhinga mana.
⚫Kua tohua mārama hei āwhina i te whiriwhiri i ngā mōhiti tika mō tētahi momo rēseri.
⚫Me whakarato hoki te anga me ngā parepare taha i te tiakitanga.
He mea nui kia whakamahia te momo mōhiti haumaru tika hei tiaki i a koe mai i te momo taiaho e whakamahia ana e koe, me te whakaaro ki ōna āhuatanga me te taiao e noho ana koe.
I muri i te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi haumaru, mēnā kei te kitea tonu ō kanohi i te hihi laser kei runga ake i ngā taumata haumaru, me whakamahi koe i ngā mōhiti tiaki e ōrite ana ki te roanga ngaru o te laser, ā, he tika hoki te kiato whatu hei tiaki i ō kanohi.
Kaua e whakawhirinaki anake ki ngā mōhiti haumaru; kaua rawa e titiro tika ki te hihi laser ahakoa e mau ana.
Te Kōwhiri i ngā Kākahu Tiaki Taiaho:
Hoatu he kākahu tiaki kiri e tika ana ki ngā kaimahi e pāngia ana e te irahiko kei runga ake i te taumata Whakaaetia Mōrahi (MPE); ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te pānga o te irahiko ki te kiri.
Me hanga ngā kākahu mai i ngā rauemi e ātete ana ki te ahi, ki te wera hoki.
Ngana ki te taupoki i te nui o te kiri e taea ana ki te taputapu tiaki.
Me pēhea te tiaki i tō kiri mai i te kino o te reera:
Mauria ngā kākahu mahi ringaringa roa i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi ātete mura.
I ngā wāhi e whakahaeretia ana mō te whakamahinga o te taiaho, tāutahia he ārai me ngā panera ārai mārama i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi ātete-mura kua pania ki te rauemi silicon pango, kikorangi rānei hei mimiti i te hihi UV me te ārai i te mārama whero-whero, ā, mā reira ka tiakina te kiri mai i te hihi taiaho.
He mea nui kia whiriwhiria ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro (PPE) e tika ana, kia tika ai te whakamahi hei whakarite i te haumaru i te wā e mahi ana me ngā taiaho, e tata ana rānei ki aua taiaho. Kei roto i tēnei ko te mārama ki ngā tūponotanga motuhake e pā ana ki ngā momo taiaho rerekē, me te whai māramatanga hoki.ngā mahi whakatūpato kaha hei tiaki i ngā kanohi me te kiri mai i ngā kino ka pā mai.
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Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-08-2024