I roto i te ao o ngā taiaho mana-nui, he wāhanga matua nui ngā pae taiaho. Ehara i te mea ko ngā waeine taketake anake o te putanga pūngao, engari kei roto hoki i a rātou te tika me te whakaurunga o te hangarau optoelectronic hou.—nā reira i tapaina ai rātou ko: te "mīhini" o ngā pūnaha taiaho. Engari he aha tonu te hanganga o te pae taiaho, ā, me pēhea e tukuna ai e ia ngā tekau, tae atu ki ngā rau watts o te putanga mai i te torutoru mirimita noa iho te rahi? Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā hoahoa ā-roto me ngā mea ngaro hangarau kei muri i ngā pae taiaho.
1. He aha te Pae Reera?
He taputapu whakaputa hiko teitei te pae taiaho, he mea hanga mai i ngā maramara taiaho maha kua whakaritea ki te taha ki runga i te papa kotahi. Ahakoa he rite tōna mātāpono mahi ki te taiaho haurua-ira kotahi, ka whakamahia e te pae taiaho he whakatakotoranga maha-whakaputa hei whakatutuki i te kaha whatu teitei ake me te āhua kiato ake.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pae taiaho puta noa i ngā rāngai ahumahi, hauora, pūtaiao, me te ārai, hei pūtake taiaho tika, hei pūtake papu rānei mō ngā taiaho muka me ngā taiaho totoka.
2. Te Hanganga o te Pae Reera
Ko te hanganga o roto o te pae reera te mea e whakatau tika ana i tōna mahi. Ko ngā wāhanga matua e whai ake nei te nuinga:
①Ngā Pūtake Tuku
Ko ngā pae reera he 10 ki te 100 ngā kaipāho (ngā kōhao reera) e whakaritea ana i te taha ki te taha. Tata ki te 50 te rahi o ia kaipāho.–150μm te whānui, ā, he rohe whakanui motuhake, e whakaatu ana i te hononga PN, te kōhao whakakoi, me te hanganga arataki ngaru hei whakaputa me te tuku i te mārama taiaho. Ahakoa he rite tonu te papa o ngā kaituku katoa, he maha ngā wā ka peia e te hiko i roto i te whakarara, i ngā rohe rānei.
②Hanganga Paparanga Ārai
Kei te ngākau o te pae taiaho he puranga o ngā paparanga haurua-ira, tae atu ki:
- Ngā paparanga epitaxial momo-P me te momo-N (e hanga ana i te hononga PN)
- Paparanga hohe (hei tauira, te hanganga o te puna irahiko), e whakaputa ana i te tukunga whakaohooho
- Paparanga arataki ngaru, e whakarite ana i te mana aratau i ngā ahunga taha me ngā ahunga poutū
- Ngā whakaata Bragg, ngā paninga HR/AR rānei, e whakarei ake ana i te putanga ahunga o te taiaho
③Hanganga Whakahaere Papa me te Wera
Ka whakatipuhia ngā kaitārai i runga i tētahi papa haurua-whakakotahi kotahi (ko GaAs te tikanga). Hei whakamāhorahora pai i te wera, ka whakapirihia te pae taiaho ki ngā papa raro-whakahaere-teitei pērā i te parahi, te koranu W-Cu, te taimana CVD rānei, ā, ka honoa ki ngā totohu wera me ngā pūnaha whakamatao hohe.
④Pūnaha Mata Tukunga me te Pūnaha Whakakotahitanga
Nā te nui o ngā koki wehewehe o ngā hihi e tukuna ana, he maha ngā wā ka whakauruhia ngā pae taiaho ki ngā rarangi arotahi-iti (FAC/SAC) hei whakakotahi me te hanga hihi. Mō ētahi whakamahinga, he maha ngā whatu tāpiri—pērā i ngā karaihe porotaka, i ngā porowhita rānei—e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i te rerekētanga o te papa-tawhiti me te kounga o te hihi.
3. Ngā Āhuatanga Hanganga Matua e Pā Ana ki te Mahi
He mea nui te hanganga o te pae taiaho hei whakatau i tōna pumau, tōna whai huatanga, me tōna roanga mahi. Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua ko:
①Hoahoa Whakahaere Wera
He nui te kaha o ngā pae taiaho, ā, he kukū te wera. He mea nui te iti o te ātete wera, mā te whakapiri AuSn, mā te hononga indium rānei, me te whakamatao i ngā awa iti hei whakamatao i te wera kia ōrite.
②Te Hanga me te Whakaritenga o te Kurupae
He maha ngā kaiwhakaputa e pāngia ana e te ngoikore o te taunga me te hē o te tūnga o te taha o te ngaru. He mea nui te hoahoa me te tūnga tika o ngā karu hei whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā hihi tawhiti.
③Te Whakahaere me te Pono o te Āwangawanga
Ka raru pea te whakapiko, te pakaru rānei o ngā rauemi mēnā kāore i te ōrite te whānui o te wera. Me hoahoa te takai kia tohatoha ōrite te ahotea ā-pūkaha, kia tu atu hoki i te huringa wera me te kore e pirau.
4. Ngā Auahatanga o te Hoahoa Pae Reipa ā-Māui
I te tipu haere o te hiahia mō te mana teitei ake, te rahi iti ake, me te pono ake, ka haere tonu te whanaketanga o ngā hanganga pae taiaho. Ko ngā aronga whanaketanga matua ko:
①Whānuitanga Roangaru: Toro atu ki te 1.5μngā roopu m me te infrared waenga
②Whakaiti: Te whakahohe i te whakamahinga i roto i ngā taputapu kiato me ngā kōwae tino whakaurua
③Tākai Atamai: Te whakauru i ngā pūoko pāmahana me ngā pūnaha urupare tūnga
④Te Whakatakotoranga Kiato-Teitei: Ngā rarangi paparanga hei whakatutuki i te putanga taumata-kirowati i roto i te tapuwae kiato
5. Whakamutunga
I te mea ko te"ngākau"o ngā pūnaha taiaho mana-teitei, ka pā tika te hoahoa hanganga o ngā pae taiaho ki te mahi whatu, hiko, me te wera o te pūnaha whānui. Ko te whakauru i ngā tini o ngā kaituku ki roto i tētahi hanganga he mirimita noa te whānui, ehara i te mea e whakaatu ana i ngā rauemi matatau me ngā tikanga hanga, engari e tohu ana hoki i te taumata tiketike o te whakaurunga i roto i ēnei rā.'te umanga whakaahua.
I te tirohanga whakamua, i te pikinga haere tonu o te hiahia mō ngā pūtake taiaho whai hua, pono hoki, ka noho tonu ngā auahatanga i roto i te hanganga o te pae taiaho hei kaupapa matua ki te whakatairanga i te umanga taiaho ki ngā taumata hou.
Ki te mea koe'Mena kei te rapu koe i te tautoko tohunga mō te takai i te pae laser, te whakahaere wera, te whiriwhiri hua rānei, tēnā whakapā mai. Mātou'Kei konei mātou hei whakarato i ngā otinga kua whakaritea kia rite ki ō hiahia tono motuhake.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-02-2025